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The Toolbox — Calculators
Metrology, Sensors & Materials
Torque conversion, temperature conversion, and material resistance calculators.
Torque Unit Converter
Convert between N·m, ft·lb, in·lb, kgf·m, and other torque units. Includes common aviation fastener torque reference.
Common Torque Reference
| Application | Torque |
|---|---|
| Spark plug (aluminum head) | 20–30 N·m / 15–22 ft·lb |
| Spark plug (cast iron head) | 30–40 N·m / 22–30 ft·lb |
| AN3 bolt (3/10" aircraft bolt) | 20–25 in·lb / 2.26–2.82 N·m |
| AN4 bolt (1/4" aircraft bolt) | 50–70 in·lb / 5.65–7.91 N·m |
| AN5 bolt (5/16" aircraft bolt) | 100–140 in·lb / 11.3–15.8 N·m |
| AN6 bolt (3/8" aircraft bolt) | 160–190 in·lb / 18.1–21.5 N·m |
| BNC connector (hand tight + 1/4 turn) | Not torqued — hand tight only |
| N-type connector | 1.36 N·m / 12 in·lb typical |
| Coax PL-259 connector | Hand tight — do not wrench tighten |
| Fiber optic SC connector | Push-pull — no torque specification |
Temperature Converter & Resistance Calculator
Convert between °C, °F, and K. Calculate how conductor resistance changes with temperature.
Reference Temperatures
| Reference Point | °C | °F | K |
|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute zero | -273.15 | -459.67 | 0 |
| Liquid nitrogen | -196 | -320.8 | 77.15 |
| Dry ice (CO₂) | -78.5 | -109.3 | 194.65 |
| Water freezes | 0 | 32 | 273.15 |
| Room temperature | 20 | 68 | 293.15 |
| Body temperature | 37 | 98.6 | 310.15 |
| Water boils | 100 | 212 | 373.15 |
| Solder melts (60/40) | 183 | 361 | 456.15 |
| LiPo thermal runaway | 70 | 158 | 343.15 |
| Aluminum melts | 660 | 1220 | 933.15 |
| Copper melts | 1085 | 1985 | 1358.15 |
Click any row to load that temperature.